@font-face{font-family:Fraunces Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/fraunces-vietnamese-full-normal.7BpKI3vF.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+102-103,U+110-111,U+128-129,U+168-169,U+1A0-1A1,U+1AF-1B0,U+300-301,U+303-304,U+308-309,U+323,U+329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:Fraunces Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/fraunces-latin-ext-full-normal.YHFkNujK.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Fraunces Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 900;src:url(/_astro/fraunces-latin-full-normal.CFFu7zhK.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:Nunito Sans Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 1000;src:url(/_astro/nunito-sans-cyrillic-ext-wght-normal.7w74d1lj.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+460-52F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:Nunito Sans Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 1000;src:url(/_astro/nunito-sans-cyrillic-wght-normal.B9hoeQUC.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+301,U+400-45F,U+490-491,U+4B0-4B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:Nunito Sans Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 1000;src:url(/_astro/nunito-sans-vietnamese-wght-normal.BhFYcaJr.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+102-103,U+110-111,U+128-129,U+168-169,U+1A0-1A1,U+1AF-1B0,U+300-301,U+303-304,U+308-309,U+323,U+329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:Nunito Sans Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 1000;src:url(/_astro/nunito-sans-latin-ext-wght-normal.DMEAsnHD.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Nunito Sans Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 1000;src:url(/_astro/nunito-sans-latin-wght-normal.BWQ3gi2K.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:Caveat;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:600;src:url(/_astro/caveat-cyrillic-ext-600-normal.DDEJyoof.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/caveat-cyrillic-ext-600-normal.BLVNc-Ct.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+460-52F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:Caveat;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:600;src:url(/_astro/caveat-cyrillic-600-normal.Ba_MyzgW.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/caveat-cyrillic-600-normal.CqH0c_uj.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+301,U+400-45F,U+490-491,U+4B0-4B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:Caveat;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:600;src:url(/_astro/caveat-latin-ext-600-normal.DDJRD6ps.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/caveat-latin-ext-600-normal.shBvSnoU.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Caveat;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:600;src:url(/_astro/caveat-latin-600-normal.zlTlWIYU.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/caveat-latin-600-normal.DUjB8dgm.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:Noto Nastaliq Urdu;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/noto-nastaliq-urdu-arabic-400-normal.BVDOj1dq.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/noto-nastaliq-urdu-arabic-400-normal.Df9iHKj9.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+6??,U+750-77F,U+870-88E,U+890-891,U+897-8E1,U+8E3-8FF,U+200C-200E,U+2010-2011,U+204F,U+2E41,U+FB50-FDFF,U+FE70-FE74,U+FE76-FEFC,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+10EC2-10EC4,U+10EFC-10EFF,U+1EE00-1EE03,U+1EE05-1EE1F,U+1EE21-1EE22,U+1EE24,U+1EE27,U+1EE29-1EE32,U+1EE34-1EE37,U+1EE39,U+1EE3B,U+1EE42,U+1EE47,U+1EE49,U+1EE4B,U+1EE4D-1EE4F,U+1EE51-1EE52,U+1EE54,U+1EE57,U+1EE59,U+1EE5B,U+1EE5D,U+1EE5F,U+1EE61-1EE62,U+1EE64,U+1EE67-1EE6A,U+1EE6C-1EE72,U+1EE74-1EE77,U+1EE79-1EE7C,U+1EE7E,U+1EE80-1EE89,U+1EE8B-1EE9B,U+1EEA1-1EEA3,U+1EEA5-1EEA9,U+1EEAB-1EEBB,U+1EEF0-1EEF1}@font-face{font-family:Noto Nastaliq Urdu;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/noto-nastaliq-urdu-latin-ext-400-normal.ULxojL9g.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/noto-nastaliq-urdu-latin-ext-400-normal.BwovpPbk.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Noto Nastaliq Urdu;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/noto-nastaliq-urdu-latin-400-normal.uocoWRvS.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/noto-nastaliq-urdu-latin-400-normal.BlOzo2Ia.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:Noto Nastaliq Urdu;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:600;src:url(/_astro/noto-nastaliq-urdu-arabic-600-normal.Bim-T0zK.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/noto-nastaliq-urdu-arabic-600-normal.CV1nlLWd.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+6??,U+750-77F,U+870-88E,U+890-891,U+897-8E1,U+8E3-8FF,U+200C-200E,U+2010-2011,U+204F,U+2E41,U+FB50-FDFF,U+FE70-FE74,U+FE76-FEFC,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+10EC2-10EC4,U+10EFC-10EFF,U+1EE00-1EE03,U+1EE05-1EE1F,U+1EE21-1EE22,U+1EE24,U+1EE27,U+1EE29-1EE32,U+1EE34-1EE37,U+1EE39,U+1EE3B,U+1EE42,U+1EE47,U+1EE49,U+1EE4B,U+1EE4D-1EE4F,U+1EE51-1EE52,U+1EE54,U+1EE57,U+1EE59,U+1EE5B,U+1EE5D,U+1EE5F,U+1EE61-1EE62,U+1EE64,U+1EE67-1EE6A,U+1EE6C-1EE72,U+1EE74-1EE77,U+1EE79-1EE7C,U+1EE7E,U+1EE80-1EE89,U+1EE8B-1EE9B,U+1EEA1-1EEA3,U+1EEA5-1EEA9,U+1EEAB-1EEBB,U+1EEF0-1EEF1}@font-face{font-family:Noto Nastaliq Urdu;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:600;src:url(/_astro/noto-nastaliq-urdu-latin-ext-600-normal.DNrZYccb.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/noto-nastaliq-urdu-latin-ext-600-normal.Dlo0hw6X.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Noto Nastaliq Urdu;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:600;src:url(/_astro/noto-nastaliq-urdu-latin-600-normal.DsDLZnI4.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/noto-nastaliq-urdu-latin-600-normal.CsvZvVPT.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}:root{--paper:#fbf4e6;--paper-2:#f4e8d0;--card:#fffbf2;--ink:#2b1d14;--ink-soft:#5c4636;--line:#e3d3b4;--haldi:#e3a21a;--mirch:#c23b22;--dhania:#3f7d4e;--matti:#b5562f;--neel:#24477f;--f-head:"Fraunces Variable", Georgia, serif;--f-body:"Nunito Sans Variable", system-ui, sans-serif;--f-hand:"Caveat", cursive;--f-urdu:"Noto Nastaliq Urdu", serif;--radius:14px;--ease:cubic-bezier(.2, .7, .2, 1);--header-h:64px;--shadow:0 1px 0 #2b1d140f, 0 10px 24px -14px #2b1d1459;color-scheme:light}@view-transition{navigation:auto}::view-transition-old(root),::view-transition-new(root){animation-duration:.35s}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{color:var(--ink);font:400 17px/1.65 var(--f-body);background-color:var(--paper);background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='220' height='220'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='.85' numOctaves='2' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 .17 0 0 0 0 .11 0 0 0 0 .08 0 0 0 .07 0'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");margin:0;overflow-x:clip}:lang(ur){font-family:var(--f-urdu), var(--f-body)}html[lang=ur] body{font-size:16px;line-height:2.2}h1,h2,h3,h4{font-family:var(--f-head);font-variation-settings:"SOFT" 100, "WONK" 1;margin:0 0 .45em;line-height:1.15}html[lang=ur] :is(h1,h2,h3,h4){font-family:var(--f-urdu);font-weight:600;line-height:2}h1{letter-spacing:-.01em;font-size:clamp(2.1rem,5.5vw,3.6rem);font-weight:700}h2{font-size:clamp(1.5rem,3.2vw,2.1rem);font-weight:650}h3{font-size:1.22rem;font-weight:650}html[lang=ur] h1{font-size:clamp(1.8rem,4.5vw,2.8rem)}p{margin:0 0 1em}a{color:var(--neel)}img{max-width:100%}.wrap{max-width:1160px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 16px}main{overflow-x:clip}.hand{font-family:var(--f-hand);color:var(--matti);font-size:1.45em;line-height:1.15}.eyebrow{font:700 .78rem/1.4 var(--f-body);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--matti);margin-bottom:.6em}html[lang=ur] .eyebrow{font-family:var(--f-urdu);letter-spacing:0;font-size:.9rem}.lead{color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:1.15rem}.muted{color:var(--ink-soft)}.skip:not(:focus){clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.skip:focus{inset-inline-start:16px;z-index:99;background:var(--card);padding:8px 12px;position:absolute;top:8px}:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--neel);outline-offset:2px;border-radius:6px}.btn{font:700 1rem var(--f-body);border:2px solid var(--ink);background:var(--haldi);color:var(--ink);box-shadow:3px 3px 0 var(--ink);cursor:pointer;border-radius:99px;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:11px 20px;text-decoration:none;transition:transform .15s,box-shadow .15s;display:inline-flex}html[lang=ur] .btn{font-family:var(--f-urdu);padding-block:6px 10px;font-weight:400}.btn:hover{box-shadow:4px 4px 0 var(--ink);transform:translate(-1px,-1px)}.btn:active{box-shadow:1px 1px 0 var(--ink);transform:translate(2px,2px)}.btn.ghost{background:var(--card)}.btn.small{padding:7px 14px;font-size:.9rem}.jhalar{background:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='80' height='26'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 2 H80' stroke='%232B1D14' stroke-width='1.5'/%3E%3Cpath d='M1 2 L10 18 L19 2Z' fill='%23E3A21A'/%3E%3Cpath d='M21 2 L30 18 L39 2Z' fill='%23C23B22'/%3E%3Cpath d='M41 2 L50 18 L59 2Z' fill='%233F7D4E'/%3E%3Cpath d='M61 2 L70 18 L79 2Z' fill='%2324477F'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='21' r='2.4' fill='%23C23B22'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='30' cy='21' r='2.4' fill='%23E3A21A'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='50' cy='21' r='2.4' fill='%2324477F'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='70' cy='21' r='2.4' fill='%233F7D4E'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") repeat-x;height:26px;animation:6s ease-in-out infinite sway}@keyframes sway{50%{background-position:8px 1px}}.panel{background:var(--card);border:1.5px solid var(--ink);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:4px 4px 0 var(--ink);padding:18px}.callout{background:var(--card);border:1.5px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:var(--shadow);padding:20px 22px}.chips{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:.84rem;font-weight:700;list-style:none;display:flex}.chips li{background:var(--paper-2);border-radius:99px;padding:3px 11px}html[lang=ur] .chips li{padding:0 11px 4px;font-weight:400}section.block{padding-block:48px}.grid-cards{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:26px 20px;display:grid}.prose{max-width:68ch}.prose h2{margin-top:1.4em}.prose li{margin-bottom:.4em}.term{font:inherit;color:inherit;cursor:help;border:0;border-bottom:2px dotted var(--matti);background:0 0;padding:0}.term:after{content:"i";background:var(--neel);color:#fff;vertical-align:2px;border-radius:50%;place-items:center;width:17px;height:17px;margin-inline-start:3px;font:italic 700 .72rem/1 Georgia,serif;display:inline-grid}.pop-tip{z-index:60;background:var(--ink);width:min(330px,100vw - 32px);color:var(--paper);border-radius:var(--radius);opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity .2s, transform .25s var(--ease), visibility .25s;padding:14px 16px;position:absolute;transform:translateY(6px)scale(.97);box-shadow:0 18px 40px -12px #00000073}.pop-tip.open{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:none}.pop-tip h4{font:700 1.1rem var(--f-head);color:var(--haldi);margin:0 0 4px}.pop-tip h4 span{font:400 .95rem var(--f-urdu);color:var(--paper);margin-inline-start:8px}.pop-tip p{margin:0 0 8px;font-size:.93rem;line-height:1.55}html[lang=ur] .pop-tip p{line-height:2.1}.pop-tip a{color:var(--haldi);font-size:.88rem;font-weight:700}.pop-tip a.learn{color:#fff;margin-bottom:6px;display:block}@media (width<=700px){.pop-tip{border-radius:20px 20px 0 0;width:100%;padding:22px 20px 32px;position:fixed;transform:translateY(100%);inset:auto 0 0!important}.pop-tip:before{content:"";background:#ffffff59;border-radius:9px;width:44px;height:5px;margin:-8px auto 12px;display:block}.pop-tip.open{transform:none}}.ad-slot{min-height:120px;margin:28px 0}.ad-slot:empty{border:2px dashed var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius)}.reveal{opacity:0;transition:opacity .7s var(--ease), transform .8s var(--ease);transform:translateY(22px)rotate(-.4deg)}.reveal.in,.no-js .reveal{opacity:1;transform:none}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,:before,:after{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important;animation:none!important}.reveal{opacity:1;transform:none}@view-transition{navigation:none}}
